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INTRA-OPERATIVE MONITORING OF THE PATIENT DURING SURGERY

** Monitoring of the Emergency Patient: A Multidisciplinary Approach ** Urgency in the operating room demands a rapid and coordinated response from the entire medical team.** From the moment a patient is classified as an emergency and scheduled for surgery, a rigorous monitoring process begins that involves surgeons, nurses, and other health professionals. ** Preparing the Surgeon for a Surgical Emergency ** Surgeons, as leaders of the surgical team, play a crucial role in the care of emergency patients. Their preparation involves: * Deep knowledge of the pathology: The surgeon must have a thorough knowledge of the medical condition that requires immediate surgery, as well as the possible complications and treatments. * Availability: Surgeons on call must always be ready to respond to emergency calls and arrive at the operating room in the shortest possible time. * Coordination with other teams: They must coordinate closely with anesthesiologists, circulating nurses, a...
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DISEASES AND MEDICAL TREATMENT

A medical treatment is any process by which a person recovers physical or mental health, through what is considered a direct intervention of proven scientific methods through experiments that have taken a long time, contributions and effort from scientists from all over the world. Typology is distinguished from both scientific medicine, which treats disease with specific remedies developed through observation and research, as well as from prescientific medicine, which fights disease with traditional knowledge, such as the use of certain plants and herbs, and is often practiced by people who have a certain medical authority. Although they used scientific remedies, these cures are considered to be carried out and specified through oral methods, vaccination, topical, invasive, surgical and others. According to scientific medicine, conceived in a rigid way, all disease—even mental illnesses—is the result of a physiological disorder; According to this scheme, speculation is not cr...
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DIAGNOSIS AND MEDICAL HISTORY

** A chronological basis for patient records ** The term “Diagnosis” encompasses determining the nature of a disease. Diagnosis must combine an adequate clinical history (personal and family history, and current illness), a complete physical examination, and complementary examinations (laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging). Some diseases such as measles and mumps are easily identified by their appearance. Other problems such as bone fractures can be suspected by their symptoms and signs, and are confirmed by X-rays. But many symptoms require a more complex diagnostic procedure. Confirmation of a gastric ulcer, for example, requires the introduction of an endoscope into the stomach. Coronary disease can be suspected by the characteristics of the pain and by electrocardiographic changes, but definitive evidence can only be obtained by coronary angiography, a technique in which a contrast substance is injected into the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. Di...
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Basic Techniques and Care of the Nursing Technician

The work of the nurse: a technical and relational analysis Nursing is a fundamental profession in the field of health, characterized by a wide range of responsibilities and a deep commitment to care for patients. In this article, we will analyze the general work of a nurse at a technical level and in their interaction with patients, as well as their relationship with the medical hierarchy. ** The technical nurse: a fundamental pillar At a technical level, the nurse plays a crucial role in the provision of health care. Its functions cover a wide variety of tasks, among which the following stand out: * Administration of medicines:** Nurses are responsible for administering medications according to medical indications, monitoring side effects and adjusting doses as necessary. * Sampling:** They extract blood, urine and other body fluids for their analysis in the laboratory. * Vital Sign Monitoring:** Regularly monitor heart rate, blood pressure, temperature and respiratory rat...
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The culture of a Human Stem Cell laboratory

It was in 1981 when scientists first achieved mouse embryonic stem cell cultures. Although this milestone marked the development of numerous subsequent investigations, until 1998 the culture of a human stem cell laboratory was not achieved. In that year, two teams separately announced that they had isolated and cultivated human stem cells from, in one case, from embryos in the blastocyst phase and, in the other, from aborted fetuses. The research teams were led by biologists John Gearhart, from Johns Hopkins University, and James Thomson, from the University of Wisconsin at Madison. During the 1990s, scientists discovered many other characteristics of these cells, such as adult stem cells from a specific tissue (for example blood), can cause cells from other types of tissues, such as nerve cells (neurons). One of the most interesting results was obtained by researcher Fred Gage at the Salk Institute, who showed that the adult human brain can create new neurons. Before Gage...
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Elements of a Basic and Specialized General Medicine Practice

The equipment in a medical practice is essential for providing quality and safe medical care. Instruments and furniture must be appropriate to the physician's needs and the type of care offered. This article describes the basic and specialized instruments and furniture for a general medicine practice. **Basic Instruments:** * Sphygmomanometer: For measuring blood pressure. * Stethoscope: For listening to the heart and lungs. * Thermometer: For measuring body temperature. * Otoscope: For examining the ears. * Ophthalmoscope: For examining the eyes. * Scale: For weighing the patient. * Centrifuge: For separating the components of a blood or urine sample. * Examination Lamp: To illuminate the patient during the physical examination. * Examination Table: For examining the patient. * Examination Table:** For the patient to lie on during the physical exam or medical procedures. * Chairs:** For the doctor, the patient, and accompanying persons. * Filing Cab...
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DIAGNOSIS AND MEDICAL HISTORY

** A chronological basis for patient records ** The term “Diagnosis” encompasses determining the nature of a disease. Diagnosis must combine an adequate clinical history (personal and family history, and current illness), a complete physical examination, and complementary examinations (laboratory tests and diagnostic imaging). Some diseases such as measles and mumps are easily identified by their appearance. Other problems such as bone fractures can be suspected by their symptoms and signs, and are confirmed by X-rays. But many symptoms require a more complex diagnostic procedure. Confirmation of a gastric ulcer, for example, requires the introduction of an endoscope into the stomach. Coronary disease can be suspected by the characteristics of the pain and by electrocardiographic changes, but definitive evidence can only be obtained by coronary angiography, a technique in which a contrast substance is injected into the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. Diagno...
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Dermatology: The art of purifying yourself through the skin

Among scientific specialties, dermatology is the one that closest to the precepts and techniques of cosmetological aesthetics. This is in charge of the study of the structure and functions of the skin and purifying the skin, in addition to treating the diseases pharmacologically. Dermatologists are doctors who, after completing the degree, which has an average duration of 4 years, specialize in dermatology and become suitable in diagnosing, preventing and indicating the most appropriate treatment. Skin diseases are sometimes isolated as vitiligo, however, on other occasions they are externalizations of internal ailments, as occurs in skin cancer and other conditions. In addition to knowing about infectious diseases, they must have knowledge of immunology, neurology, rheumatology and endocrinology. Cosmetic dermatology: It is a subspecialty of this branch of health that uses various techniques of cosmetics and appliances to treat scars left by acne using the laser, application of...
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PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

Preventive medicine is the medical specialty that promotes health and prevents disease and is closely associated with occupational health and nutrition. At the end of the 20th century, it became important as public health was concerned with increasing health care costs. The measures adopted by preventive medicine are aimed at collectivities or individuals. Historically, the first preventive strategies were based on the finding that many diseases are transmitted by microorganisms, and that this transmission can be prevented by adopting public hygiene measures such as the establishment of quarantines, the burial of the dead and the creation of systems sewerage. The most important advance was the discovery that immunization protects the majority of the population against many infectious diseases. Preventive medicine also deals with chronic diseases, and has developed measures such as selective detection programs to be able to identify those who suffer from high blood pressure or c...
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ETIOLOGY

The **etiology** is the branch of medicine that is dedicated to the study of the causes of diseases. That is, it seeks to identify the factors that trigger or contribute to the development of a specific pathology. Understanding the etiology of a disease is essential to establish an accurate diagnosis, design effective treatments and develop preventive strategies. Importance of etiology in medicine Knowledge of the etiology of a disease allows: * Establish an accurate diagnosis:** By identifying the cause of the symptoms, one disease can be differentiated from another and establish an accurate diagnosis. * Design specific treatments:** Knowing the cause, you can select the most appropriate treatments to address the disease from its origin. * Develop preventive strategies:** By identifying risk factors, measures can be implemented to prevent the appearance of the disease. * Perform research:** The etiology is the starting point for research seeking new therapies and better tr...
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REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

Regenerative medicine is presented as a field of medicine with a revolutionary potential, offering the possibility of repairing or replacing damaged or sick tissues and organs by stimulating the body's own regenerative capacity or through the use of cells, tissues or biomaterials. This article aims to provide an overview of the concept of regenerative medicine, detailing its different types and objectives within the field of medical services. **FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS** Regenerative medicine is based on two fundamental pillars: * Regenerative capacity of the body:** The human body has an innate capacity to repair and regenerate damaged tissues. Regenerative medicine seeks to enhance this capacity through various strategies, such as stem cell stimulation or tissue engineering. * CELLS, TISSUES AND BIOMATERIALS:** Regenerative medicine also uses cells, tissues and biomaterials to replace or repair damaged or sick tissues. Stem cells, in particular, are of great interest du...
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NUCLEAR MEDICINE

Nuclear medicine has become an indispensable tool in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. This medical specialty uses radioisotopes, radioactive substances that emit energy in the form of gamma rays or beta particles, to obtain functional images of the human body and treat diseases accurately and effectively. Concept of Nuclear Medicine:** Nuclear medicine is based on the principle that certain organs and tissues of the human body absorb radioisotopes differently. When administering a specific radiopharmaceutical to the patient, it accumulates in the target areas, allowing special gamma cameras to detect emitted radiation and generate detailed images of the internal functioning of the body. THE DOCTORS AND NURSES HANDBOOK General Medical and Nursing Practice and Theory for Hospital Staff Paperback version, 7X10 Full 16 Font Types of nuclear medicine:** Nuclear medicine is divided into two main branches: diagnosis and therapy. 1. Diagnostic Nuclear Medici...
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