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INTRA-OPERATIVE MONITORING OF THE PATIENT DURING SURGERY

** Monitoring of the Emergency Patient: A Multidisciplinary Approach ** Urgency in the operating room demands a rapid and coordinated response from the entire medical team.** From the moment a patient is classified as an emergency and scheduled for surgery, a rigorous monitoring process begins that involves surgeons, nurses, and other health professionals. ** Preparing the Surgeon for a Surgical Emergency ** Surgeons, as leaders of the surgical team, play a crucial role in the care of emergency patients. Their preparation involves: * Deep knowledge of the pathology: The surgeon must have a thorough knowledge of the medical condition that requires immediate surgery, as well as the possible complications and treatments. * Availability: Surgeons on call must always be ready to respond to emergency calls and arrive at the operating room in the shortest possible time. * Coordination with other teams: They must coordinate closely with anesthesiologists, circulating nurses, a...
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NUCLEAR MEDICINE

Nuclear medicine has become an indispensable tool in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. This medical specialty uses radioisotopes, radioactive substances that emit energy in the form of gamma rays or beta particles, to obtain functional images of the human body and treat diseases accurately and effectively.


Concept of Nuclear Medicine:**

Nuclear medicine is based on the principle that certain organs and tissues of the human body absorb radioisotopes differently. When administering a specific radiopharmaceutical to the patient, it accumulates in the target areas, allowing special gamma cameras to detect emitted radiation and generate detailed images of the internal functioning of the body.


THE DOCTORS AND NURSES HANDBOOK

General Medical and Nursing Practice and Theory for Hospital Staff


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Types of nuclear medicine:**

Nuclear medicine is divided into two main branches: diagnosis and therapy.

1. Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine:** Diagnostic nuclear medicine uses radioisotopes to obtain functional images of the human body, providing valuable information about the function of organs and tissues, blood flow, metabolic activity and the presence of diseases. Some of the most common diagnostic tests include:

* Scans:** Allow visualization of radiopharmaceutical distribution in the body, identifying abnormalities in the function or structure of organs such as the heart, bones, kidneys, liver, brain and the lungs.

* Positron emission tomography (PET):** Combines nuclear medicine with computed tomography (CT) to generate three-dimensional high-resolution images of the body's metabolic activity, being useful for the diagnosis of cancer, heart disease and neurological disorders.

* Hybrid Nuclear Medicine studies:** Combine nuclear medicine with other imaging techniques, such as nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMR) or CT, to obtain even more complete information on the structure and function of the body.

**2. Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine:** Therapeutic nuclear medicine uses radioisotopes to destroy diseased cells precisely, minimizing damage to healthy tissues. Some of the most common treatments include: * **Radioisotopic therapy:** Administers intravenous or intra-arterial radioisotopes to directly attack cancer cells, being useful for the treatment of malignant tumors in various organs, such as the thyroid, bones and liver. * **Molecular Nuclear Medicine:** Use radioisotopes attached to specific molecules to selectively attack diseased cells, such as cancer cells or infected cells.

**Objectives of nuclear medicine in medical services:** Nuclear medicine has as main objectives:

* **Precise diagnosis of diseases:** It allows identifying the cause and scope of various diseases in a precise and non-invasive way, facilitating timely medical decision-making.

* **Treatment evaluation:** Allows you to monitor the response to treatment effectively, determining if the treatment is effective and making adjustments as necessary.

* Illness prognosis:** Provides valuable information on the prognosis of the disease, helping to predict the evolution of the patient and plan long-term treatment.

* MEDICAL INVESTIGATION: Contributes to the advancement of medical knowledge through the study of the mechanisms of diseases and the development of new radiopharmaceuticals and diagnostic and treatment techniques.

Conclusion:** Nuclear medicine has revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, offering precise and effective tools to improve the health of patients. Its continuous development and constant research allow us to expand its scope and applications in the medical field, opening new possibilities for health care.


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