DOCTORS AND NURSES BOOK

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GENERAL MEDICINE

**The first contact with health General medicine, also known as family medicine or primary care, is the first level of medical care. It is a specialty that is in charge of the comprehensive health of the individual and his family, addressing a wide range of diseases and medical conditions throughout all stages of life. ** Academic training and graduate profile To become a general practitioner, you need to pursue a university degree in medicine. This training, which usually lasts between 6 and 7 years, provides the student with a solid foundation in basic sciences such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and pathology, as well as in the main clinical areas: internal medicine, pediatrics, gynecology, surgery, etc. Once the degree is over, general practitioners usually carry out a medical residency in Family Medicine to delve into the specific knowledge and skills of this specialty. During the residency, the doctors in training gain experience in the diagnosis, treatment an...

BASIC PROTOCOLS OF NURSING AND GENERAL MEDICINE IN HOSPITALIZATION

Nursing protocols and general medicine form the basis of hospitalized patient care. These standardized procedures guarantee the quality and safety of care, while optimizing the use of resources. In this article, we will focus on the most basic and important protocols that are carried out within hospital facilities, emphasizing waiting room care, taking vital signs and biosecurity measures. ** Care in the waiting room The waiting room is the first point of contact of the patient with the health service. Therefore, it is essential to guarantee a comfortable and safe environment. The main functions of the nurse in this space include: * Patient registration:** Verify the identity of the patient and update their data in the system. * Guideline:** Provide clear and concise information on the procedures to be followed and waiting times. * FIRST AID:** IMMEDIATELY attend to any emergency that may arise. * Temperature control:** Maintain a suitable ambient temperature for the ...

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CONSULTATION

** In a comprehensive hospital organization ** Consultation, both internal and external, is a fundamental mechanism in the functioning of a comprehensive hospital organization. Through it, it seeks to obtain information, knowledge and diverse perspectives for decision-making, problem solving and the continuous improvement of services. **Internal Consultation Internal consultation refers to the search for opinions and knowledge within the organization itself. It can involve at different hierarchical levels and functional areas. Its main objectives are: * Generate ideas:** Encourage employee participation in identifying opportunities for improvement and problem solving. * Consolidate knowledge:** Take advantage of the specialized knowledge of health professionals to address complex challenges. * Increase commitment:** Engage employees in decision-making processes, strengthening their sense of belonging and commitment to the organization. **Types of internal consulta...

Social Security and the Pension and Retirement Health System

Social Security (health system), better known as Health Care, is the government-run insurance system that provides financial resources and medical services to people disabled by illness or accident. Social security systems exist in many countries, especially in Western Europe and Latin America. Health systems are often coordinated with other social security mechanisms such as pension programs, unemployment benefits, and workers' compensation. ** HISTORY OF SOCIAL SECURITY ** The first country to establish a national health system was Germany. German Chancellor Prince Otto von Bismarck obtained the enactment of a law on compulsory health insurance in 1883, which was supported by the State. Different types of social security were introduced in the 19th century in other European countries such as Austria-Hungary, Norway in 1909, Sweden in 1910 and Great Britain and Russia in 1911. After World War II, the growth of European health systems was extensive, although the amo...

TYPOLOGY OF MEDICAL FACILITIES

The first hospitals grouped all patients in a single room, regardless of their illness. Notable exceptions were mental nursing homes, quarantine centers and tuberculosis sanatoriums that were established at the end of the 19th century. Although advances in treatments have made most of these special institutions unnecessary, others have appeared dedicated to treating certain types of patients or diseases. Thanks to the advantages of specialized techniques and equipment, there are independent hospitals for women and children and for the treatment of eye diseases and disorders such as cancer. This type of hospital is usually associated with institutions dedicated to research and teaching. Modern general hospitals can consist of an urban medical center with a thousand or more beds, to which several more specialized hospitals are attached; or it can be a small center of 10 to 20 beds, serving a community of a few thousand people, with general medicine, surgery and maternity servi...

Epidemiology: A map to understand diseases

Epidemiology, the science that studies distribution and the determinants of health and disease in human populations, has become an indispensable tool to understand and control diseases. This discipline, in constant evolution, branches into various subdisciplines, each with a specific approach and a set of particular analytical tools. ** CLASSIFICATION OF Epidemiology Sub-Brands The classification of epidemiology sub-branches may vary according to different criteria, but broadly speaking, we can distinguish the following: * Descriptive epidemiology:** It is responsible for describing the distribution of diseases in terms of person, place and time. It seeks to identify patterns and trends that can suggest hypotheses about causal factors. * Analytical Epidemiology:** goes beyond the description, seeking to identify the risk factors associated with the disease. It uses study designs such as clinical trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies. * Experimental Epidem...

Traumatology: An overview of its sub-branchings and its current importance

Traumatology, as a medical specialty, is dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Its field of action is broad and ranges from fractures and dislocations to degenerative and tumor diseases. Over time, trauma has diversified into various subspecialties, each focused on a specific area of the musculoskeletal system. ** Classification of Traumatology Sub-Brands The classification of trauma sub-branches may vary according to different schools and medical societies. However, some of the most recognized subspecialties are: * SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY:** It is responsible for the injuries that occur during sports, from mild sprains to complex injuries that require surgery. * Traumatology of the foot and ankle:** Focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of foot and ankle pathologies, such as fractures, sprains, tendinitis and deformities. * Hand and Wrist Traumatology:** Specializes in hand and wrist injuries, whi...

Virology: Exploring the world of viruses

VIROLOGY Virology is a branch of biology dedicated to the study of viruses, those tiny infectious agents who, despite their structural simplicity, have had a profound impact on the history of humanity. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, which means they need to infect living cells in order to replicate and cause disease. **What do virologists study?** Virologists investigate a wide range of virus-related aspects, including: * **Viral structure:** They analyze the chemical composition and form of viruses, from the simplest viruses to the most complex. * Classification and evolution:** They classify viruses in groups according to their genetic and structural characteristics, and study how they have evolved over time. * Replication cycle:** They investigate the processes by which viruses adhere to cells, penetrate them, replicate their genetic material and produce new viral particles. * PATHOGENESIS:** They study how viruses cause diseases in host organisms, fr...

Parasitology: Exploring the world of parasites

What is parasitology? ** Parasitology is a branch of biology dedicated to the study of parasite organisms, their relationship with their hosts and the impact they have on ecosystems. A parasite is an organism that lives on or within another organism (host), from which it obtains nutrients and protection, causing it damage to a greater or lesser extent. ** Parasitology sub-branches** Parasitology is divided into several sub-branches, each focused on a specific aspect: * Medical parasitology:** Study the parasites that infect humans and cause diseases such as malaria, amibiasis or schistosomiasis. * Veterinary Parasitology:** Focuses on parasites that affect domestic and wild animals, such as helminths in dogs or protozoa in fish. * Agricultural parasitology:** Investigates parasites that damage crops and farm animals, affecting food production. * Parasite ecology: ** Analyze the relationship between parasites and their hosts in the context of ecosystems, and how the...

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE

Alternative medicine, also known as complementary and integrative medicine (MCI), encompasses a wide spectrum of practices and approaches that are not part of conventional medicine. These therapies are used to treat or prevent diseases, improve general well-being and complement traditional medical treatments. Types of alternative medicine: The MCI can be classified into various categories, some of the most common are: * Complete Medical Systems:** Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Homeopathy. * Mind-Body Techniques:** Yoga, Meditation, Tai Chi, Mindfulness. * Biology-based practices:** Phytotherapy, nutrition, dietary supplements. * Manipulative therapies:** Chiropractic, osteopathy, therapeutic massage. * Energy therapies:** Reiki, acupuncture, biomagnetism. THE DOCTORS AND NURSES HANDBOOK General Medical and Nursing Practice and Theory for Hospital Staff Paperback version, 7X10 Full 16 Font Objective of alternative medicine in the hospital setting: ...

INTRA-OPERATIVE MONITORING OF THE PATIENT DURING SURGERY

** Monitoring of the Emergency Patient: A Multidisciplinary Approach ** Urgency in the operating room demands a rapid and coordinated response from the entire medical team.** From the moment a patient is classified as an emergency and scheduled for surgery, a rigorous monitoring process begins that involves surgeons, nurses, and other health professionals. ** Preparing the Surgeon for a Surgical Emergency ** Surgeons, as leaders of the surgical team, play a crucial role in the care of emergency patients. Their preparation involves: * Deep knowledge of the pathology: The surgeon must have a thorough knowledge of the medical condition that requires immediate surgery, as well as the possible complications and treatments. * Availability: Surgeons on call must always be ready to respond to emergency calls and arrive at the operating room in the shortest possible time. * Coordination with other teams: They must coordinate closely with anesthesiologists, circulating nurses, a...