Among scientific specialties, dermatology is the one that closest to the precepts and techniques of cosmetological aesthetics. This is in charge of the study of the structure and functions of the skin and purifying the skin, in addition to treating the diseases pharmacologically. Dermatologists are doctors who, after completing the degree, which has an average duration of 4 years, specialize in dermatology and become suitable in diagnosing, preventing and indicating the most appropriate treatment. Skin diseases are sometimes isolated as vitiligo, however, on other occasions they are externalizations of internal ailments, as occurs in skin cancer and other conditions. In addition to knowing about infectious diseases, they must have knowledge of immunology, neurology, rheumatology and endocrinology. Cosmetic dermatology: It is a subspecialty of this branch of health that uses various techniques of cosmetics and appliances to treat scars left by acne using the laser, application of...
VIROLOGY
Virology is a branch of biology dedicated to the study of viruses, those tiny infectious agents who, despite their structural simplicity, have had a profound impact on the history of humanity. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, which means they need to infect living cells in order to replicate and cause disease.
**What do virologists study?** Virologists investigate a wide range of virus-related aspects, including: * **Viral structure:** They analyze the chemical composition and form of viruses, from the simplest viruses to the most complex.
* Classification and evolution:** They classify viruses in groups according to their genetic and structural characteristics, and study how they have evolved over time.
* Replication cycle:** They investigate the processes by which viruses adhere to cells, penetrate them, replicate their genetic material and produce new viral particles.
* PATHOGENESIS:** They study how viruses cause diseases in host organisms, from the molecular level to the level of the whole organism.
* Immunity:** They analyze the host's immune responses to viral infection and develop vaccines and antiviral therapies.
**Virology Sub-branches** Virology is divided into several sub-branches, each with a specific focus:
* **Medical Virology:** Focuses on viruses that infect humans and cause diseases such as flu, HIV, Ebola and COVID-19.
* Veterinary Virology:** Study the viruses that infect animals, including diseases such as rabies, African swine fever, and avian influenza.
* Plant Virology : ** Focuses on viruses that infect plants, causing significant losses in agriculture.
* Bacterial Virology:** Investigates the viruses that infect bacteria, called bacteriophages.
**Key findings in virology** Virology has experienced significant advances in recent decades, thanks to technological advances and international collaboration. Some of the most important findings include:
***Discovery of new viruses:
** Virologists continue to discover new viruses in a variety of environments, both in humans and in animals and plants.
* Vaccination development:** Vaccines have been one of the most effective tools to prevent viral diseases, and scientists continue to develop new vaccines to combat emerging diseases.
* Antiviral therapies:** Antiviral drugs have been developed to treat a variety of viral infections, significantly improving the prognosis of many patients.
* Molecular Virology:** Advances in molecular biology have allowed virologists to study viruses at the genetic and molecular level, which has led to a better understanding of the mechanisms of infection and viral replication.
THE DOCTORS AND NURSES HANDBOOK
General Medical and Nursing Practice and Theory for Hospital Staff
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