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INTRA-OPERATIVE MONITORING OF THE PATIENT DURING SURGERY

** Monitoring of the Emergency Patient: A Multidisciplinary Approach ** Urgency in the operating room demands a rapid and coordinated response from the entire medical team.** From the moment a patient is classified as an emergency and scheduled for surgery, a rigorous monitoring process begins that involves surgeons, nurses, and other health professionals. ** Preparing the Surgeon for a Surgical Emergency ** Surgeons, as leaders of the surgical team, play a crucial role in the care of emergency patients. Their preparation involves: * Deep knowledge of the pathology: The surgeon must have a thorough knowledge of the medical condition that requires immediate surgery, as well as the possible complications and treatments. * Availability: Surgeons on call must always be ready to respond to emergency calls and arrive at the operating room in the shortest possible time. * Coordination with other teams: They must coordinate closely with anesthesiologists, circulating nurses, a...
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REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

Regenerative medicine is presented as a field of medicine with a revolutionary potential, offering the possibility of repairing or replacing damaged or sick tissues and organs by stimulating the body's own regenerative capacity or through the use of cells, tissues or biomaterials. This article aims to provide an overview of the concept of regenerative medicine, detailing its different types and objectives within the field of medical services. **FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS** Regenerative medicine is based on two fundamental pillars: * Regenerative capacity of the body:** The human body has an innate capacity to repair and regenerate damaged tissues. Regenerative medicine seeks to enhance this capacity through various strategies, such as stem cell stimulation or tissue engineering. * CELLS, TISSUES AND BIOMATERIALS:** Regenerative medicine also uses cells, tissues and biomaterials to replace or repair damaged or sick tissues. Stem cells, in particular, are of great interest du...
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NUCLEAR MEDICINE

Nuclear medicine has become an indispensable tool in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. This medical specialty uses radioisotopes, radioactive substances that emit energy in the form of gamma rays or beta particles, to obtain functional images of the human body and treat diseases accurately and effectively. Concept of Nuclear Medicine:** Nuclear medicine is based on the principle that certain organs and tissues of the human body absorb radioisotopes differently. When administering a specific radiopharmaceutical to the patient, it accumulates in the target areas, allowing special gamma cameras to detect emitted radiation and generate detailed images of the internal functioning of the body. THE DOCTORS AND NURSES HANDBOOK General Medical and Nursing Practice and Theory for Hospital Staff Paperback version, 7X10 Full 16 Font Types of nuclear medicine:** Nuclear medicine is divided into two main branches: diagnosis and therapy. 1. Diagnostic Nuclear Medici...
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EMERGENCY MEDICINE

Emergency medicine stands as a vital medical specialty within the health landscape, acting as the first line of defense in critical situations that threaten the health and life of patients. Its dynamic and multidisciplinary approach makes it a fundamental pillar for comprehensive health care, providing immediate and specialized support in the most challenging moments". Concept and scope of emergency medicine Emergency medicine is defined as the branch of medicine that is responsible for the evaluation, diagnosis and initial treatment of patients who have acute or traumatic pathologies that compromise their health status immediately. Its scope of action ranges from pre-hospital care, provided at the scene of the incident, to the stabilization and management of the patient in the hospital emergency department. THE DOCTORS AND NURSES HANDBOOK General Medical and Nursing Practice and Theory for Hospital Staff Paperback version, 7X10 Full 16 Font Types of medical...
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SPORTS MEDICINE

Sports medicine is a specialized branch of medicine that focuses on the health care of people involved in physical activities and sports. It encompasses a wide spectrum of services, from preventive health care and injury rehabilitation to optimization of sports performance and the promotion of healthy lifestyles. Types of sports medicine Sports medicine can be classified into different subspecialties, each with a specific focus on the needs of athletes: **1. Clinical sports medicine:** Focuses on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of musculoskeletal injuries, chronic and acute diseases related to sports. It includes physical evaluations, laboratory tests, x-rays, ultrasounds and other diagnostic techniques. **2. Exercise Physiology:** Study the physiological effects of exercise on the human body, providing valuable information for optimization of sports performance, recovery and injury prevention. **3. Sports Nutrition:** Advises athletes on the appropriate diet to mee...
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FORENSIC MEDICINE

Forensic medicine stands as a crucial discipline in the field of social sciences, providing specialized tools and knowledge for the investigation of crimes and the administration of justice. " Its scientific and objective approach makes it possible to elucidate relevant facts in complex scenarios, contributing to clarify the truth and guarantee the proper protection of human rights. Concept and definition: Forensic medicine, also known as legal medicine, is defined as the branch of medicine that applies its knowledge and techniques to the legal field, with the aim of helping justice in the investigation of crimes, the identification of victims, the determination of the causes of death and the evaluation of injuries body. THE DOCTORS AND NURSES HANDBOOK General Medical and Nursing Practice and Theory for Hospital Staff Paperback version, 7X10 Full 16 Font Types or classification: Forensic medicine is subdivided into various specialized areas, each with a sp...
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INTERNAL MEDICINE

The field of medicine is divided into various branches and specialties, each with a specific focus and objectives. Among the most important are **internal medicine** and **external medicine**, two areas that, despite sharing the same final objective of preserving the patient's health, differ in their methodology and scope. **Internal Medicine: Deepening complexity** Internal medicine focuses on the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases that affect **adults**. Unlike general medicine, which offers comprehensive primary and preventive care, internal medicine specializes in **complex and chronic pathologies**, which often require a multidisciplinary approach. Internist doctors have extensive training in **physiopathology, clinical diagnosis and management of systemic diseases**. Their work is carried out mainly in hospital settings, where they have the opportunity to evaluate and treat patients with conditions that cover a wide range of specialties, such as: * Car...
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ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE

Alternative medicine, also known as complementary and integrative medicine (MCI), encompasses a wide spectrum of practices and approaches that are not part of conventional medicine. These therapies are used to treat or prevent diseases, improve general well-being and complement traditional medical treatments. Types of alternative medicine: The MCI can be classified into various categories, some of the most common are: * Complete Medical Systems:** Ayurveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine, Homeopathy. * Mind-Body Techniques:** Yoga, Meditation, Tai Chi, Mindfulness. * Biology-based practices:** Phytotherapy, nutrition, dietary supplements. * Manipulative therapies:** Chiropractic, osteopathy, therapeutic massage. * Energy therapies:** Reiki, acupuncture, biomagnetism. THE DOCTORS AND NURSES HANDBOOK General Medical and Nursing Practice and Theory for Hospital Staff Paperback version, 7X10 Full 16 Font Objective of alternative medicine in the hospital setting: ...
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BRANCHES OF MEDICINE

Medicine, throughout its long history, has experienced a constant evolution, dividing into various specialized branches to offer comprehensive and quality medical care to patients. This specialization process has been driven by scientific and technological advances that have allowed a greater knowledge of the human body and the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. BASIC BRANCHES OF MEDICINE: The basic branches of medicine lay the foundations for the study and practice of medical specialties. Among them we find: * Anatomy:** Study the structure of the human body and its relationships. * Physiology:** Investigates the functioning of the organs and systems of the human body. * Biochemistry:** Analyze the chemical processes that occur in living beings. * PATHOLOGY:** Study the causes, mechanisms and effects of diseases. * Pharmacology:** It is responsible for the study of medicines, their action in the body and their therapeutic applications. THE DOCTORS...
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HISTORY OF NURSING

Embarking on a nursing career offers a rewarding path for any dedicated healthcare professional looking to make a meaningful impact on society. The journey begins with obtaining a rigorous nursing degree, which provides the foundational knowledge necessary to become a licensed registered nurse. During this journey, gaining diverse clinical experience is crucial for mastering the complexities of modern patient care. Many nurses eventually pursue advanced practice nursing to specialize in high-stakes environments such as critical care, where technical expertise meets emotional resilience. Regardless of the specialty, a steadfast commitment to medical ethics remains the North Star of the profession, ensuring that every individual is treated with the utmost dignity and compassion. In past centuries, nursing care was offered by volunteers with little or no training, usually women of different religious orders. During the Crusades, for example, some military orders of knights also ...
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ORIGIN AND THEORY OF MEDICINE AND NURSING

The knowledge of prehistoric medical practice comes from paleopathology, or study of the pictographs that showed the medical techniques, of the skulls and skeletons, as well as the surgical instruments of ancient societies and non-technological contemporary. Despite the fact that this study concerns anthropology, some of these practices have survived until modern times, which justifies their consideration in the history of medicine. Serious illnesses were of special interest to primitive men even though they could not treat them. They divided the genesis of the disease into two categories, each with a variety of therapies that were mutually exclusive. The first and most numerous were the processes attributed to the influence of malevolent demons, to whom the projection of an alien spirit, a stone or a worm within the body of the trusting patient was attributed. These diseases had to be tackled through spells, dances, sacrifices, spells, talismans and other measures. If in the e...
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