DOCTORS AND NURSES BOOK

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Dermatology: The art of purifying yourself through the skin

Among scientific specialties, dermatology is the one that closest to the precepts and techniques of cosmetological aesthetics. This is in charge of the study of the structure and functions of the skin and purifying the skin, in addition to treating the diseases pharmacologically. Dermatologists are doctors who, after completing the degree, which has an average duration of 4 years, specialize in dermatology and become suitable in diagnosing, preventing and indicating the most appropriate treatment. Skin diseases are sometimes isolated as vitiligo, however, on other occasions they are externalizations of internal ailments, as occurs in skin cancer and other conditions. In addition to knowing about infectious diseases, they must have knowledge of immunology, neurology, rheumatology and endocrinology. Cosmetic dermatology: It is a subspecialty of this branch of health that uses various techniques of cosmetics and appliances to treat scars left by acne using the laser, application of...

ETIOLOGY

The **etiology** is the branch of medicine that is dedicated to the study of the causes of diseases. That is, it seeks to identify the factors that trigger or contribute to the development of a specific pathology. Understanding the etiology of a disease is essential to establish an accurate diagnosis, design effective treatments and develop preventive strategies. Importance of etiology in medicine Knowledge of the etiology of a disease allows: * Establish an accurate diagnosis:** By identifying the cause of the symptoms, one disease can be differentiated from another and establish an accurate diagnosis. * Design specific treatments:** Knowing the cause, you can select the most appropriate treatments to address the disease from its origin. * Develop preventive strategies:** By identifying risk factors, measures can be implemented to prevent the appearance of the disease. * Perform research:** The etiology is the starting point for research seeking new therapies and better tr...

REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

Regenerative medicine is presented as a field of medicine with a revolutionary potential, offering the possibility of repairing or replacing damaged or sick tissues and organs by stimulating the body's own regenerative capacity or through the use of cells, tissues or biomaterials. This article aims to provide an overview of the concept of regenerative medicine, detailing its different types and objectives within the field of medical services. **FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS** Regenerative medicine is based on two fundamental pillars: * Regenerative capacity of the body:** The human body has an innate capacity to repair and regenerate damaged tissues. Regenerative medicine seeks to enhance this capacity through various strategies, such as stem cell stimulation or tissue engineering. * CELLS, TISSUES AND BIOMATERIALS:** Regenerative medicine also uses cells, tissues and biomaterials to replace or repair damaged or sick tissues. Stem cells, in particular, are of great interest du...

PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

Preventive medicine is the medical specialty that promotes health and prevents disease and is closely associated with occupational health and nutrition. At the end of the 20th century, it became important as public health was concerned with increasing health care costs. The measures adopted by preventive medicine are aimed at collectivities or individuals. Historically, the first preventive strategies were based on the finding that many diseases are transmitted by microorganisms, and that this transmission can be prevented by adopting public hygiene measures such as the establishment of quarantines, the burial of the dead and the creation of systems sewerage. The most important advance was the discovery that immunization protects the majority of the population against many infectious diseases. Preventive medicine also deals with chronic diseases, and has developed measures such as selective detection programs to be able to identify those who suffer from high blood pressure or c...

NUCLEAR MEDICINE

Nuclear medicine has become an indispensable tool in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. This medical specialty uses radioisotopes, radioactive substances that emit energy in the form of gamma rays or beta particles, to obtain functional images of the human body and treat diseases accurately and effectively. Concept of Nuclear Medicine:** Nuclear medicine is based on the principle that certain organs and tissues of the human body absorb radioisotopes differently. When administering a specific radiopharmaceutical to the patient, it accumulates in the target areas, allowing special gamma cameras to detect emitted radiation and generate detailed images of the internal functioning of the body. THE DOCTORS AND NURSES HANDBOOK General Medical and Nursing Practice and Theory for Hospital Staff Paperback version, 7X10 Full 16 Font Types of nuclear medicine:** Nuclear medicine is divided into two main branches: diagnosis and therapy. 1. Diagnostic Nuclear Medici...

The art of caring for children's health

PEDIATRICS: Pediatrics, a branch of medicine dedicated to comprehensive health care for children and adolescents, is one of the most noble and demanded specialties. Pediatricians are the doctors of the youngest, responsible for ensuring healthy growth and development, from birth to adolescence. ** What are the main functions of a pediatrician? The functions of a pediatrician go beyond simply treating diseases. Among his responsibilities are: * **Prevention of diseases:** Through vaccines, growth and development controls, and recommendations on healthy lifestyles. * Diagnosis:** Early identification of diseases and disorders, both physical and emotional. * Treatment:** Administration of appropriate medical and pharmacological treatments for each patient. * Education:** Guidance to parents and caregivers on issues related to child health, such as food, hygiene, safety and psychosocial development. ** Academic Preparation and Graduate Profile To become a pediatrician...

GENERAL MEDICINE

**The first contact with health General medicine, also known as family medicine or primary care, is the first level of medical care. It is a specialty that is in charge of the comprehensive health of the individual and his family, addressing a wide range of diseases and medical conditions throughout all stages of life. ** Academic training and graduate profile To become a general practitioner, you need to pursue a university degree in medicine. This training, which usually lasts between 6 and 7 years, provides the student with a solid foundation in basic sciences such as anatomy, physiology, biochemistry and pathology, as well as in the main clinical areas: internal medicine, pediatrics, gynecology, surgery, etc. Once the degree is over, general practitioners usually carry out a medical residency in Family Medicine to delve into the specific knowledge and skills of this specialty. During the residency, the doctors in training gain experience in the diagnosis, treatment an...

BASIC PROTOCOLS OF NURSING AND GENERAL MEDICINE IN HOSPITALIZATION

Nursing protocols and general medicine form the basis of hospitalized patient care. These standardized procedures guarantee the quality and safety of care, while optimizing the use of resources. In this article, we will focus on the most basic and important protocols that are carried out within hospital facilities, emphasizing waiting room care, taking vital signs and biosecurity measures. ** Care in the waiting room The waiting room is the first point of contact of the patient with the health service. Therefore, it is essential to guarantee a comfortable and safe environment. The main functions of the nurse in this space include: * Patient registration:** Verify the identity of the patient and update their data in the system. * Guideline:** Provide clear and concise information on the procedures to be followed and waiting times. * FIRST AID:** IMMEDIATELY attend to any emergency that may arise. * Temperature control:** Maintain a suitable ambient temperature for the ...

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CONSULTATION

** In a comprehensive hospital organization ** Consultation, both internal and external, is a fundamental mechanism in the functioning of a comprehensive hospital organization. Through it, it seeks to obtain information, knowledge and diverse perspectives for decision-making, problem solving and the continuous improvement of services. **Internal Consultation Internal consultation refers to the search for opinions and knowledge within the organization itself. It can involve at different hierarchical levels and functional areas. Its main objectives are: * Generate ideas:** Encourage employee participation in identifying opportunities for improvement and problem solving. * Consolidate knowledge:** Take advantage of the specialized knowledge of health professionals to address complex challenges. * Increase commitment:** Engage employees in decision-making processes, strengthening their sense of belonging and commitment to the organization. **Types of internal consulta...

Social Security and the Pension and Retirement Health System

Social Security (health system), better known as Health Care, is the government-run insurance system that provides financial resources and medical services to people disabled by illness or accident. Social security systems exist in many countries, especially in Western Europe and Latin America. Health systems are often coordinated with other social security mechanisms such as pension programs, unemployment benefits, and workers' compensation. ** HISTORY OF SOCIAL SECURITY ** The first country to establish a national health system was Germany. German Chancellor Prince Otto von Bismarck obtained the enactment of a law on compulsory health insurance in 1883, which was supported by the State. Different types of social security were introduced in the 19th century in other European countries such as Austria-Hungary, Norway in 1909, Sweden in 1910 and Great Britain and Russia in 1911. After World War II, the growth of European health systems was extensive, although the amo...

TYPOLOGY OF MEDICAL FACILITIES

The first hospitals grouped all patients in a single room, regardless of their illness. Notable exceptions were mental nursing homes, quarantine centers and tuberculosis sanatoriums that were established at the end of the 19th century. Although advances in treatments have made most of these special institutions unnecessary, others have appeared dedicated to treating certain types of patients or diseases. Thanks to the advantages of specialized techniques and equipment, there are independent hospitals for women and children and for the treatment of eye diseases and disorders such as cancer. This type of hospital is usually associated with institutions dedicated to research and teaching. Modern general hospitals can consist of an urban medical center with a thousand or more beds, to which several more specialized hospitals are attached; or it can be a small center of 10 to 20 beds, serving a community of a few thousand people, with general medicine, surgery and maternity servi...

Epidemiology: A map to understand diseases

Epidemiology, the science that studies distribution and the determinants of health and disease in human populations, has become an indispensable tool to understand and control diseases. This discipline, in constant evolution, branches into various subdisciplines, each with a specific approach and a set of particular analytical tools. ** CLASSIFICATION OF Epidemiology Sub-Brands The classification of epidemiology sub-branches may vary according to different criteria, but broadly speaking, we can distinguish the following: * Descriptive epidemiology:** It is responsible for describing the distribution of diseases in terms of person, place and time. It seeks to identify patterns and trends that can suggest hypotheses about causal factors. * Analytical Epidemiology:** goes beyond the description, seeking to identify the risk factors associated with the disease. It uses study designs such as clinical trials, cohort studies, and case-control studies. * Experimental Epidem...

Traumatology: An overview of its sub-branchings and its current importance

Traumatology, as a medical specialty, is dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Its field of action is broad and ranges from fractures and dislocations to degenerative and tumor diseases. Over time, trauma has diversified into various subspecialties, each focused on a specific area of the musculoskeletal system. ** Classification of Traumatology Sub-Brands The classification of trauma sub-branches may vary according to different schools and medical societies. However, some of the most recognized subspecialties are: * SPORTS TRAUMATOLOGY:** It is responsible for the injuries that occur during sports, from mild sprains to complex injuries that require surgery. * Traumatology of the foot and ankle:** Focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of foot and ankle pathologies, such as fractures, sprains, tendinitis and deformities. * Hand and Wrist Traumatology:** Specializes in hand and wrist injuries, whi...